Athletic Training Practice Exam

What physiological response is expected from muscles after prolonged immobilization?

1. Increase in muscle strength

2. Decrease in muscle mass

3. Increase in neuromuscular coordination

4. Enhancement of stamina

The correct answer is: Decrease in muscle mass

Prolonged immobilization of muscles leads to a range of physiological changes, and a decrease in muscle mass is one of the most significant outcomes. When muscles are not actively used through movement, they undergo atrophy due to disuse. This atrophy is characterized by a reduction in the size of individual muscle fibers and sometimes a decrease in the overall number of fibers, which contributes to a loss of strength and muscle mass. During immobilization, particularly in the absence of weight-bearing activity, the body’s metabolic demands change, which can result in the breakdown of muscle tissue to meet energy needs. Additionally, the lack of mechanical loading on the muscles diminishes the activation of muscle protein synthesis, which is crucial for muscle maintenance and growth. This physiological response emphasizes the importance of movement and exercise for maintaining muscle health, especially after injury or surgical procedures that require a period of immobilization. It is vital to engage in rehabilitation strategies that promote gradual reloading of the musculature to enhance recovery and restore muscle mass effectively.